jounral 3

Topic:
Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed (damaged) by human activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live.

Environment has always been changing in order to meet human’s desires of constructing more skyscrapers and estate. Such kind of human activities do make the Earth a better place to live, but they inevitably hurt the Earth to some extent. Although young as a student, I have been concerned about the harmful effects human bring to the environment for long. And this is the most important reason for why I come to UIUC and decided to major in environment economic and policy.

Nowadays, one significant threaten human causes to the global environment is water pollution. My father once told me about his hometown, which was used to be a bucolic town in the countryside. The town was surrounded by a stream which is so clear and clean that fish even a few meters down the surface could be easily seen. My father and his friends always went to swimming in the stream. However, a few years later, as crabs gradually became delicacy on the table, farmers there began to breed crabs as a new industry to stimulate the local economy. The steam was severely polluted and it became so smelly and disgusting that one could hardly approach.

Another harmful effect is air pollution. The wasted gases from the chemical factories or other industries are released unlimitedly and hence not only cause acid rain but also faded the blue color of the sky by darkening it. The exhausted gases spread out by the vehicles result in increasing tiny dust particles in air and act as a major cause to various illnesses concerning lung and respiratory systems. Therefore, we may see that human activities generate serious problems like this and finally harm ourselves.

Lastly, the most significant and urgent problem, which should be paid intense attention to, is global warming. Due to human’s deforestation in order to grow food and the excessive release of carbon dioxide, the atmosphere is continuously kept warm. Thus greenhouse effect emerges and the Earth faces gradual increase in temperature annually. As a consequent, the ice cap in both poles will melt, which might lead to a 10-metre increase in world average sea level. If all melt, the number will be 66 which mean that most of the Earth will be submerged. Animals like polar bears and penguin will lose their natural habitats forever. Human themselves will suffer from the extreme temperature and climate change.

An eye for an eye, an ear for an ear. If human persistently harm the Earth, the Earth will definitely punish human beings by exerting the detrimental effects on human. Thus, everyone has the duty to consider more about our existing Earth. Live it, love it and care about it.

outline for Compare-and-contrast

Compare-and-contrast essay
Block organization


Demand for retail goods in China and United States

Thesis statement:
The demand for retail goods in China and that in United states share three main differences and three main similiarities.

Fact:Culture gaps and living standard differnces cause the marketing and consuming conservation concentrated on different inportances in China and United states.


.
1.Differences:
Topic sentences:
The differences related to the utility of consuming between China and United States mainly concentrate on increased variety of options, location of shopping mall and customers’ consumer perference.

Supporting details:

United state: environmental friendly products (concentrate on recycling and deposited)
China: profitable product (concentrate on price and quantity ratio)

United state: mall located on the outside of the country or city (size of the mall—huge)
China: mall located in central of the city (crowded and most developed places, size small)

United state: customers consider more about the brand and the quality
China: customers consider more about price value and convenient for using


2.Similarity
Topic sentences:
However, variable shopping ways, marketing stimulated stateges and the effect of brand exploration are almost the same in China and in United States.


Supporting details:
online shopping available (variable ways for shopping)
Discount and on sales for seasons
Products spread global (options)

outline for cause and effect

Multiple causes and effect

Topic: obesity


Thesis statement:
The causes for obesity are unhealthy food habit, the pressure outcomes and lack of exercises.
Facts:. Recent data indicate that roughly 32% of the U.S. population is obese and an additional 34% is overweight.

Topic sentence 1:
Particular unhealthy food habit such as diet contains misbalanced nutrition, animal oil, saturated sugar and excess carbohydrates prime responsible for obesity.
Supporting details:
1. All age and gender groups display hyper-protein nutrition with pronounced cellulose (fiber) deficit, high daily intake of sodium, and misbalance of mineral salts as well as a relative deficit of vitamin A, B1, and PP. The frequency of overweight individuals is 43.9%, while that of obese individuals is 23.1%.
2. extra-intake of fat (over 30 E %), which is observed for 87.9% of all investigate volunteers, and over 40 E% for almost half of the women examined.
3. the research of Dr. Weston A. Price consistently found that when cultures replaced their native diet with white flour, white sugar, and canned food, their health deteriorated and lead to obesity.
4. Obesity is a disorder of fat accumulation as opposed to a disease of overeating (too many calories).

Topic sentence 2:
Large intestine digestive disorder and leptin yield decrease as the response to the pressure from the stressful situations of daily living also lead to obesity.
Supporting details:
5. Our food digestion system (mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine) helps us to obtain energy and nutrients from food. Carbohydrate, fats and protein are each digested differently within the gastrointestinal tract, but surplus calories from these three nutrients are ALL converted to body fat.
6. The importance of leptin in energy balance is illustrated by the extreme obese phenotype induced by leptin deficiency, and by the dramatic reduction in food intake and body weight. While leptin levels are closely matched to body adiposity at steady state, negative energy balance produces a fall in leptin levels that is more rapid than the change in body adiposity.

Topic sentence 3:
Obesity is the outcome of the modern life style as there are plentiful entertainments options which make people rarely do exercise.
Supporting details:
7. When I came to US and start to study in UIUC, the average exercise hours per week decreases to less than 2 hours which is 10% of that when I was in China. And in this situation, I gained the “freshman 15 pounds” within 4 weeks.
8. People prefer to spend more time in front of TV, computer and video game, cause them have less time to do exercise. The intake calories excess the fat-burn which lead to obesity after a lone time.


Cite:
0.Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM: Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999–2004. JAMA295 :1549 –1555,2006
1&2: Cent Eur J Public Health. 2000 Feb;8(1):10-3
3&4. http://blog.wellnesstips.ca/blog/?p=168
5. Online Diets For Better Digestion and Women's Health
6.Interaction Between Exercise and Leptin in the Treatment of Obesity doi: 10.2337/db08-0007 Diabetes March 2008 vol. 57 no. 3 534-535

notes 2

body paragraphs--made up of one or more paragraphs
topic sentence-- support thesis statement
+supporting details(begining of the paragraph)
+ a concluding sentence(depends)

features
unity :the entire paragraph should concern itself with a single focus
coherence :make the paragraph easily understand by a reador
logical bridge + verbal bridge

Techniques for achieving coherence
• Using appropriate transi>onalexpressions
• Using pronouns when possible
• Using deliberate repe>>on of a keyword
• Using synonyms
• Using parallel or repeatedstructures



concluding paragraph

1.Restate your thesis statement (normally in the first sentence),
2.Summarize your topic/central ideas and why they are important,
3.Provide a sense of closure or “wrapping up.” (e.g. by using transitional expressions)
4.Call for action or overview future research possibilities.
5.Briefly state a forecast or warning based on facts developed in the paper.



avoid plagiarism, use the following three ways: quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing

journal 2

Many people visit museums when they travel to new place.

When people travel, a majority of them tend to visit the city's museums. The largest museum in Pairs attracts thousands visitor eveyday. In an museum, what you can see is not only arts, but also history. As these two aspects combained together, leading visitors a general and vivid view towards beauty and history. I also like going there often when travelling because museums provide people with deeper understandings about the place which is being visited.

First of all, different from dull history textbooks, museum is a place which displays vivid illusions of the history so that a visitor could have a direct and thrilling experience while learning about history. For example, British Museum preserves lots of antique displayed in chronicle order, which enables people to form quick images about how human society advanced step by step. They may also recall what they have read in history books and understand deeper by such illustrations. Moreover, there are plenty of explanation for each articles that telling people the historical event associated with this display. People can learn while having an eye-view satisfactory.

Next, in most places, museum has gradually become a place for entertainment and people visit there mainly to relax. When I was in Britain, I used to visit various museums like the Natural Science Museum, Albert Art Museum, the most famous British Museum. These museums are all well decorated with decent and elegant atmosphere. I spent several days visiting museum and got a more general understanding about the history of Britian. What's more, without vehicles' noise or children's shouts, museums are comparatively quiet, I feel very comfortable and relaxed while walking inside. The quiet atomosphere in museum showed an other side of Britian culture and allowed me a private-space to involve in the trip.

Finally, as museums are classified as Art, Science or other groups, travelers are able to know different aspects of a city in a short time. Many museums have their own subjects. For instance, in Science Museum, people can learn about science. Moreover, Culture Museum indicated a specific culture. The Art Museum shows a cultural aspect and may attract visitors who are fanatical about art or who are doing related jobs. Natural Science Museum offers people a view of the city's development in science aspect and students may be mostly fascinated by this. Thus different museums attract people with respective interests, but they all provide visitors diversified views to look at the city.

In conclusion, museum is an ideal place for travelers not only to learn vivid history, but also to relax in its comfortable environment as well as showing various aspects of the destinations to the visitors.