outline for cause and effect

Multiple causes and effect

Topic: obesity


Thesis statement:
The causes for obesity are unhealthy food habit, the pressure outcomes and lack of exercises.
Facts:. Recent data indicate that roughly 32% of the U.S. population is obese and an additional 34% is overweight.

Topic sentence 1:
Particular unhealthy food habit such as diet contains misbalanced nutrition, animal oil, saturated sugar and excess carbohydrates prime responsible for obesity.
Supporting details:
1. All age and gender groups display hyper-protein nutrition with pronounced cellulose (fiber) deficit, high daily intake of sodium, and misbalance of mineral salts as well as a relative deficit of vitamin A, B1, and PP. The frequency of overweight individuals is 43.9%, while that of obese individuals is 23.1%.
2. extra-intake of fat (over 30 E %), which is observed for 87.9% of all investigate volunteers, and over 40 E% for almost half of the women examined.
3. the research of Dr. Weston A. Price consistently found that when cultures replaced their native diet with white flour, white sugar, and canned food, their health deteriorated and lead to obesity.
4. Obesity is a disorder of fat accumulation as opposed to a disease of overeating (too many calories).

Topic sentence 2:
Large intestine digestive disorder and leptin yield decrease as the response to the pressure from the stressful situations of daily living also lead to obesity.
Supporting details:
5. Our food digestion system (mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine) helps us to obtain energy and nutrients from food. Carbohydrate, fats and protein are each digested differently within the gastrointestinal tract, but surplus calories from these three nutrients are ALL converted to body fat.
6. The importance of leptin in energy balance is illustrated by the extreme obese phenotype induced by leptin deficiency, and by the dramatic reduction in food intake and body weight. While leptin levels are closely matched to body adiposity at steady state, negative energy balance produces a fall in leptin levels that is more rapid than the change in body adiposity.

Topic sentence 3:
Obesity is the outcome of the modern life style as there are plentiful entertainments options which make people rarely do exercise.
Supporting details:
7. When I came to US and start to study in UIUC, the average exercise hours per week decreases to less than 2 hours which is 10% of that when I was in China. And in this situation, I gained the “freshman 15 pounds” within 4 weeks.
8. People prefer to spend more time in front of TV, computer and video game, cause them have less time to do exercise. The intake calories excess the fat-burn which lead to obesity after a lone time.


Cite:
0.Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM: Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999–2004. JAMA295 :1549 –1555,2006
1&2: Cent Eur J Public Health. 2000 Feb;8(1):10-3
3&4. http://blog.wellnesstips.ca/blog/?p=168
5. Online Diets For Better Digestion and Women's Health
6.Interaction Between Exercise and Leptin in the Treatment of Obesity doi: 10.2337/db08-0007 Diabetes March 2008 vol. 57 no. 3 534-535

notes 2

body paragraphs--made up of one or more paragraphs
topic sentence-- support thesis statement
+supporting details(begining of the paragraph)
+ a concluding sentence(depends)

features
unity :the entire paragraph should concern itself with a single focus
coherence :make the paragraph easily understand by a reador
logical bridge + verbal bridge

Techniques for achieving coherence
• Using appropriate transi>onalexpressions
• Using pronouns when possible
• Using deliberate repe>>on of a keyword
• Using synonyms
• Using parallel or repeatedstructures



concluding paragraph

1.Restate your thesis statement (normally in the first sentence),
2.Summarize your topic/central ideas and why they are important,
3.Provide a sense of closure or “wrapping up.” (e.g. by using transitional expressions)
4.Call for action or overview future research possibilities.
5.Briefly state a forecast or warning based on facts developed in the paper.



avoid plagiarism, use the following three ways: quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing

journal 2

Many people visit museums when they travel to new place.

When people travel, a majority of them tend to visit the city's museums. The largest museum in Pairs attracts thousands visitor eveyday. In an museum, what you can see is not only arts, but also history. As these two aspects combained together, leading visitors a general and vivid view towards beauty and history. I also like going there often when travelling because museums provide people with deeper understandings about the place which is being visited.

First of all, different from dull history textbooks, museum is a place which displays vivid illusions of the history so that a visitor could have a direct and thrilling experience while learning about history. For example, British Museum preserves lots of antique displayed in chronicle order, which enables people to form quick images about how human society advanced step by step. They may also recall what they have read in history books and understand deeper by such illustrations. Moreover, there are plenty of explanation for each articles that telling people the historical event associated with this display. People can learn while having an eye-view satisfactory.

Next, in most places, museum has gradually become a place for entertainment and people visit there mainly to relax. When I was in Britain, I used to visit various museums like the Natural Science Museum, Albert Art Museum, the most famous British Museum. These museums are all well decorated with decent and elegant atmosphere. I spent several days visiting museum and got a more general understanding about the history of Britian. What's more, without vehicles' noise or children's shouts, museums are comparatively quiet, I feel very comfortable and relaxed while walking inside. The quiet atomosphere in museum showed an other side of Britian culture and allowed me a private-space to involve in the trip.

Finally, as museums are classified as Art, Science or other groups, travelers are able to know different aspects of a city in a short time. Many museums have their own subjects. For instance, in Science Museum, people can learn about science. Moreover, Culture Museum indicated a specific culture. The Art Museum shows a cultural aspect and may attract visitors who are fanatical about art or who are doing related jobs. Natural Science Museum offers people a view of the city's development in science aspect and students may be mostly fascinated by this. Thus different museums attract people with respective interests, but they all provide visitors diversified views to look at the city.

In conclusion, museum is an ideal place for travelers not only to learn vivid history, but also to relax in its comfortable environment as well as showing various aspects of the destinations to the visitors.

notes 1

an introductory paragraph needs to have a clear thesis statement, which has to be specific, reliable, and interesting. As well, to attract your readers, you can use sources such as historical reviews, anecdotes, famous people, statistics, and surprising statements.
Announce your intentions. Do not flatly announce what you are about to do in an essay. Avoid following expressions:
– In this paper I will …
– The purpose of this essay is to …
– I am going to discuss the causes of falling oilprices.


• You can mention
– historical review
– anecdotal
– surprising statement
– famous person

The thesis statement presents the TOPIC of you essay, your particular focus on that topic, and your PURPOSE for writing about that topic.
Basic requirement for TS
• It states the essay’s subject – the topic that you discuss
• It conveys the essay’s purpose – either informative or persuasive.
• It indicates your focus – the assertion that presents your point of view.
• It uses specific language, not vague words.
• It may briefly state the major subdivisions of you essay’s topic.

Tips for writing to professor:
1.Write from your college or university e-mail account
2.Include the course number in your subject line.
3.Think about what you're saying.

Choose an appropriate greeting. "Hi/Hello Professor [Blank]"
Avoid rote apologies for missing class.
Ask politely. "Could you e-mail me the page numbers for the next reading? Thanks!"
Proofread what you've written. You want your e-mail to show you in the best possible light.
Sign with your full name, course number, and meeting time.
Don't send unexpected attachments.
When you get a reply, say thanks. Just hit Reply and say "Thanks,"

jounral 1

People listen to music for different reasons and at different times. Why is music important to many people?

Music has always been playing an indispensable part in people's daily lives. In addition to the interests that people has developed on certain style of music, other reasons why music are important to people may involve the expression of listeners’ moods, the relief of pressure as well as memories of the past.

First of all, music is important to many people mainly because it can express people’s moods. When a boy breaks up with his girl friend, he may listen to some blues and he may find others are in common with him. If, two months later, his girlfriend agreed to give him one more chance and date with him, the boy may listen to rock everyday to express his great delight. When the boy meets another girl, he probably will begin listen to love songs and the poor ex would choose sad jazz instead of pop music. Music acts like a person who people will share feelings with. Hence, people may always refer to music no matter they are sad or jubilant.

Next, music can help people relax and release their pressure, people feel free listening to music at any time. Music is one of the best ways for people to escape temporarily from heavy work and study. Even when people are working, some people prefer to put on their earphone and concentrated on work with music background. When exhausted, it is a pleasure to listen to some classical music such as sonatas to relax. Music is another world for us to leave the complaints, concerns and all other disturbing thoughts for a short while. In other words, it always succeeds in calming our nerves besides bringing us satisfactions.

A certain kind of music may represent a certain period of time in the past or a particular person, which occupies an important part in people's lives, so that whenever people hear the music it will remind them of the memories. Try to ask yourself what will appear in your brain when the song " every night in my dreams, I see you, I feel you.." started to play. When I was in junior school, I was fond of Westlife’s songs. I used to listen to a lot of their songs of which my favorites are ‘Flying without winds’, ‘My love’ and ‘Season in the Sun’. Whenever I heard their songs afterwards, they would remind me of my junior school life. Therefore music is another kind of record of a person's life. For this reason, it is regarded as a rather important part in one's daily entertainment.

All in all, music is an unique language which tells people’s happiness, sorrow and anger; it is an effective medicine which releases our pressure, nervousness and exhaustion; it is also a valuable album which commemorates our impressive, pure and precious past.

labor day

The Labor Day in USA is similiar to the Worker day in China. But instead of one day for holiday, there are seven days in China. Here I am going to share the events I took part in during Labor Day's holidays.

On Saturday, I went to the Market Place and brought a lot of new items.

On Sunday, I actually stayed up late for the whole night and continued surfing on line since 10 PM, Saturday. Not only dealing with Maths and Ace quizs, I chatted on line with my friends who still live in China. Didn't realise the time fly so fast, the clock indicated that it was already 5 AM. Without a particular reason, I phoned my friend who lives in FAR and invited my friend to go to see the sunrise with me. Unfortunately, dense fog cover the ground and there was no splendid view for sunrise. We strolled untill we reach the southest cornor of UIUC and turned round and went to starbucks.

On Monday, a phone call interupted my dream at 10 am. Working from 10 to 2 almost drove me crazy, but nobody forced me substituted a friend's shift.

The assignment is to write an introduction about yourself, such as major, family, hobby, home country etc. The introduction should be at least 150 words.






As you know, my name is Donna, Liao Yuan, a Chinese girl who visited USA the first time.
I graduated in Shenzhen College of International Education and planed to major in environment engineering in the following four years.
During this week, I joined a lot of events, and made a lot of friends.
By the way, I have employed by Par Dinning Hall.
This made my university life busy but meaningful.
But to be honest, I am not a party girl.
Indeed, spending time with my friends and my homeworks seems to be a more interesting activity to me.
I am a big fan of football (not soccer os American football), this may be regard for another reason why i attend UIUC. There is one more tip for my hobby,
Last but not least, if there are anyone want to go shopping or go to the library, especially dealing with math problem, phone me immediately.